Iron butoxide improved polyhydric phenol modified alkyd compositions



States ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Alkyd primer coatings for steel exhibit improved cure and resistance to corrosion when a small amount of iron butoxide is incorporated in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether or mixed ethylene glycol monoethyl ether/naphtha solutions of the alkyd prior to application to a clean steel surface.

A nonexclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free license in the invention herein described, throughout the world for all purposes of the United States Government, with the power to grant sublicenses for such purposes, is hereby granted to the Government of the United States of America.

This invention relates to complex-forming metal coating compositions comprising organic solvent solutions of ironreactive polyhydric phenol-modified vegetable oil alkyds, epoxy esters, or polyamides also containing iron butoxide as an additive for improving the evenness of coloration and curing as well as other properties of the coating when applied to abraded mild steel or iron.

Applicants copending application, S.N. 367,262 filed May 13, 1964, and entitled Polyhydric PhenolsModified Fatty Media and Iron Surfaces Chelated Therewith, now U.S. Patent No. 3,304,276, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference, teaches that anticorrosive protection is given to mild steel that is primed with solutions of novel iron-reactive polyhydric phenol-modified vegetable oils and similarly modified oil based alkyd resins, which polyhydric phenol modified media, preferably the gallates, react with the metal surface to form novel organometallic complexes or chelates that are soluble in the uncured coatings into which they then diffuse and wherein the said complexes catalyze crosslinking of the resin constituent to provide hard, reasonably durable films whose residual polyhydric phenol groups apparently inhibit corrosion of the underlying metal, thereby making the said compositions useful, for example, as primers for protecting steel during storage prior to welding.

Perhaps because of poorer wetting tendencies or insufficiently rust-free surfaces to be coated, some of the gallate modified resins are somewhat prone to be erratic in their reactions with mild steel as indicated by the uneven or even blotchy development of the blue-black color that denotes formation of the diffusible complex and by the resulting incomplete cures to tacky rather than to dry films. Although the uneven or blotchy development of the deeply blue-black complexes and the incomplete curing of the coatings can be improved by adding to the primer composition at least about 1 percent based on the resin solids of a promoter such as acetic acid or dibutyl phosphate, this amount is not effective for promoting in situ reaction with the mild steel surface in all cases.

The principal object of the instant invention is a means of improving the primer compositions described and claimed in our U.S. Patent No. 3,304,276 whereby the atent thereby improved primers react evenly with a mild steel substrate to form the diffusible blue-black complex in amounts sufiicient to cure the primer coating to an adherent nonpowdery, smooth, dry film. Another object is the preparation of pigment-containing anticorrosive coatings, i.e., paints, comprising the gallate modified vegetable oil based resins, which paints cure in the same manner and have properties practically identical with those of the unpigmented primer compositions.

In accordance with the above general objects of this invention we have now discovered that the shortcomings peculiar to certain of the polyhydric phenol-modified vegetable oil based primer media of U.S. Patent No. 3,304,276 are overcome by incorporating in the coating composition at least about 1 percent and up to 3 percent by weight of iron butoxide based on the resin content, although additions of up to 13 percent are operative where the resin has an unusually high content of polyhydric phenol groups, e.g., pyrogallol-modified linseed oil.

The addition of an essentially catalytic amount (from 1 to generally about 3 percent based on the resin content) of iron butoxide to the above mentioned polyhydric phenol-modified vegetable oil based alkyd or glycidyl ether primer or pi gment containing compositions before application to rust-free iron or steel surface evenly promote the in situ formation of a diffusible organometallic curing catalyst that provides adherent nontacky films that do not flake off. About 1 percent of acetic acid promoter may optionally be added to compositions containing about 1 percent iron butoxide, but at an iron butoxide level of 3 percent the acetic acid tends to promote a too rapid reaction with the mild steel substrate, and thereby result in powdery or matte, i.e., dull coatings.

The following specific examples and tables are intended to illustrate our invention without limiting the claims thereto inasmuch as those skilled in the art will readily perceive adjustments and alterations that do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Example 1 To a solution of 36 g. of (3:1) linseed/tung-modified phthalic glycerol alkyd in 34 g. of xylol were added 6 g. of propyl gallate. The mixture was heated at 210 C. under refiux for a few minutes to provide a homogenous solution and then cooled momentarily to permit the addition of 0.1 ml. of titanium isopropoxide catalyst dissolved in 15 ml. xylol. With periodic shaking, the reactants were refluxed at 210 C. for about 4 hours, the resulting propyl alcohol being segregated. The gallate modified reaction product was dissolved in 250 ml. xylol. Since no precipitation occurred on standing overnight, the xylol was distilled off under vacuum to give 40 g. of a gummy product 25 g. of which was then dissolved in a mixture of 50 ml. ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and 50 ml. of high boiling naphtha. Iron butoxide, 0.75 g. (3% based on the weight of the alkyd solids), prepared by the process of U.S. Patent No. 2,789,923 and analyzing 22.4 Fe, was added to the alkyd solution which was then applied by brush to emery abraded mild steel and to glass panels, the thickness of the subsequently cured dry films being about /3 mil. Although the coatings on both substrates become blue-black, those on the steel panels cured much more quickly and completely. Evaluations of the coated steel panels are shown in Table I and the results of comparative tests against two commercial primers, viz a polyvinyl butyral/chromate wash primer and an epoxy/polyamide zinc rich primer on grit blasted steel panels (12" x 8") are shown in Table II.

Example 2 Pigmented systems were prepared by milling 0.5 g.,

2.0 g., or 2.5 g. of micronized Fe O (i.e., 10%, 40%, or

50% based on the alkyd solids) with 20 ml. of the 25- percent solution of gallate modified alkyd of Example 1 in a 1:1 glycol ether/naptha mixture and containing 0.15 g. of iron butoxide. Coatings were brushed onto emery abraded steel but the paints with the higher pigment concentrations required thinning with ethylene glycol monoethyl ether. The 50-percent pigmented coating dried rapidly to a superficially powdery film; the 40-percent and 10- percent pigmented media yielded tack-free, red-blue coatings which hardened on aging. The coatings are evaluated in Table III. The coatings had very good adhesion and resistance to water, ethylene glycol ether, and to high boiling naptha. Similar results were obtained for the coatings produced from the corresponding systems also containing additions of about 1 percent of acetic acid for promoting the formation of the diffusible complex.

Example 3 A gallate modified hydroxylated triglyceride oil was prepared by reacting castor oil (21 g., approximately 0.02 mole) with propyl gallate (10 g., 0.055 mole) for 1 /2 hours at 220230 C. in the presence of 0.1 ml. titanium isopropoxide, about 1.5 g. of a light brown distillate comprising roughly equal parts of water and methanol being collected in the receiver and removed. Extraction of the nonvolatile residue with three 50 ml. volumes of high boiling petroleum ether gave 4 g. of a liquid extract and residue which then was extracted with chloroform, the latter solution filtered to remove 2 g. of unreacted solid methyl gallate, 21.5 g. of darkly colored gallate modified castor oil then being recovered from the filtrate. The gallate modified castor oil, dissolved in sufiicient ethylene glycol monoethyl ether to provide a 30- percent solution, was applied to mild steel plates that were tested as shown in Table IV. Some of the plates showed a tendency to form blotc hy blue-black Fe complex-containing coatings presumably the result of poor wetting, but the addition of 3 percent of iron butoxide based on the weight of gallate modified castor oil overcame this defect.

Example 4 Fifty grams of a xylene solution containing 30 g. of a commercial dehydrated castor-modified bisphenol epoxy resin and 7 g. of propyl gallate were refluxed in the presence of 0.1 g. titanium isopropoxide for 3 hours at 225 C. After cooling the reacted mixture, 200 ml. of xylene was added. Filtration 2 days later gave 4 g. of unreacted propyl gallate and a filtrate containing 32 g. of the gallate modified dehydrated castor epoxy resin. The xylene was removed by heating under vacuum and a metal primer composition was prepared by dissolving 12 g. of the epoxy resin in 21 ml. aromatic naptha, 27 ml. of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and 0.5 m1. acetic acid promoter, which primer gave a streaky light-blue coating on mild steel. Addition of another 0.2 ml. acetic acid to the primer enabled fresh applications thereof to react with mild steel to form a soft, somewhat streaky blue-black coating that became fairly hard after 10 days. On exposure in the humidity cabinet, severe microblistering appeared after 1 day. The cold l-percent alkali resistance (4 hours) Was very good. A formulation in which 1 percent of the epoxy weight of iron butoxide was substituted for the acetic acid completely overcame the streaking tendency of the primer following its application to mild steel plates. Evalution results with the iron butoxide formulation are given in Table V.

Example Decamethylene p hthalate was prepared by reacting 9.7 g. (0.05 mole) dimethyl phthalate and 18 g. (slightly in excess of 0.01 mole) decamethylene glycol at 215 C. for 2 hours in the presence of 0.1 g. titanium isopropoxide. Upon heating to 100 C. at 1 mm. pressure, 3.8 ml. of methyl alcohol was distilled therefrom, leaving 24.5 g. of residual oil. On extracting the latter with 300 ml. ben- 'zene, 3.5 g. of a white solid material separated, the solution yielding 20 g. of a viscous light yellow liquid 21 1.058. The latter was pot distilled at 145 C. and 10- mm. to yield a white solid distillate. The decamethylene p hthalate (residual oil) 10 g. was reacted with 8.8 g. (0.04 mole) of propyl gallate at 230 C. for 1 hour in the presence of 0.1 g. titanium isopropoxide, about 1.5 ml. of propyl alcohol distillate being isolated. The crude decamethylene p-hthalate gallate product was extracted with three -m1. portions of hot benzene, and the pooled extracts left overnight to allow settling of the suspended oil. The total benzene isoluble product (11.5 g.) was very darkly colored and viscous. A 25-percent solution thereof in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether also containing iron butoxide reacted when applied to mild steel to form a hard, tack-free, blue-black coating which, however, gave a poor performance in the humidity cabinet.

Example 6 A polyethylene sebacate having hydroxyl end groups was prepared by reacting 25.8 g. (0.1 mole) diethylsebacate and 15 g. (0.25 mole) of ethylene glycol, i.e., excess, at 210 C. for 2% hours in the presence of 0.1 g. titanium isopropoxide; 10 ml. of ethanol distillate was collected, and distillation of the crude polyethylene sebacate gallate at about 100 C. and 1 mm. yielded 3.8 ml. of unreacted ethylene glycol. The solid residue was extracted with three -rnl. portions of warm water, the insoluble residue being finally freed of solvent under vacuum. Extration of the water-insoluble product with three 60 ml. portions of hot petroleum ether gave about 1 g. of a liquid extract and 25.5 g. of cheesy pale yellow solid. Fifteen grams of the cheesy polyester were reacted with 10.6 g. (0.05 mole) of propyl gallate for 3 hours at 225 C. in the presence of 0.1 g. titanium isopropoxide, 1.5 g. of propyl alcohol distillate being recovered, corresponding to only 50 percent of the expected yield. The polyethylene sebacate gallate product was employed as a 30-percent solution in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether also containing iron butoxide equivalent to 1 percent by weight of the said polyester gallate. Evaluation results are shown in Table VI.

Example 7 Linseed oil, 29.2 g. and pyrogallol 26.5 g. were heated to obtain a homogeneous mixture. Then 0.3 g. of titanium isopropoxide catalyst was added and the reaction mixture was maintained at 200-230 C. for 1 /2 hours with constant stirring under nitrogen, 11 g. of unreacted pyrogallol then being recovered by extraction with water. Petroleum ether extraction of the water-insoluble residue removed about 3 g. of a soluble oil resembling linseed oil, leaving about 40 g. of a viscous, dark brown, petroleum ether-insoluble product which was then made up as a 30-percent solution in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether to which was then added 13-percent iron butoxide based on the pyrogallol modified linseed oil product. Test results With coatings applied to plates of mild steel are presented in Table VI. Evidence that the iron butoxide containing solution of pyrogallol-modified linseed oil had actually reacted with the steel substrate was provided by the fact that the films formed on the glass panels analyzed 2.7 percent iron whereas the corresponding films removed from the mild steel analyzed 5.1 percent Fe. Persistently tacky coatings were obtained when 1 percent acetic acid was used in lieu of iron butoxide.

Example 8 10.4 g. of commercial linoleic polyamide (amine value=) and 113 g. of a xylol solution containing 67.8 g. (60%) of the linseed tung phthalic/ glycerol alkyd of Example 1 were refluxed for 2 hours at 220-225 C. and then cooled under nitrogen. Then 6 g. of propyl gallate and 10 g. of xylol containing 0.1 g. of titanium glycerol/polyamide abraded mild steel plates provided blue-black tack-free films, but the flow properties were poor as indicated by the unevenness of the developed coloration. tion to the primer of 1 percent of iron butoxide based on the resin improved both the flow properties (color uniformity) and the reactivity (color intensity), but the coatings had a soft surface that could be easily scratched. The coatings were not further evaluated.

The addi- TABLE I.EVALUATION OF Fe/GALLATE MODIFIED LINSEED/TUNG PHTHALIC/GLYCEROL ALKYD COMPLEX COATING Film aged at 25 C. for 7 days Stoved (140 C./ 1 hour) (no prior ageing) Appearance N aOII, immersion:

Cold 1% (4 hours) Boiling 0.2% hour) 2% NH atmosphere (2 days) Salt spray, 4% (1 week) 4% Salt solution immersion (3 days) Blue-black, tack-free film (glossy over abraded steel 7. but matt on grit blasted steel). 7,

Very good protection, small patches over il l0% of area of microblistering and traces of corrosion.

Result as above After 6 months very good protection, very few rust spots.

No apparent effect Slight softening but no microblistering; 0 permanent loss of adhesion.

After 3 hours extensive color change (black to light brown) noted and loss of adhesion.

Slirht softenin but no blistering, recovery of adhesion excellent.

Slight solftening but no apparent microblistering recovery of hardness and adhesion excellent.

Performance of several panels tested varied from poor to fairly good. In best case about 25% of panel was ailected by rust spots, fair amount of filiform corrosion over whole panel.

After 2 days two fairly large patches of rust had appeared; at end of test, very significant blistering no e' As for unstoved but harder, some noted in some panels. Excellent resistance to test.

lightening of color Very good protection, a few small patches of rusting (Il 10% of area).

No effect. Result as above.

Slight microblistering and softening of coating but recovery of adhesion good. Color change noted (black to light brown).

No blistering observed but slight sotenine, recovery of ad 'resion and hardness of coatin? excellent.

Very slight lnicroblistering, and film softer after test.

Recovery after several hours excellent.

Loss of adhesion over 25% of area with rust beneath, fair amount of filiforin corrosion. A duplicate panel was much less affected during this time but showed filiforin corrosion; more rapid breakdown observed during 3 days further testing.

Signs of microblistering over relatively small area after 1 day; blistering gradually increased during test with rusting beneath blisters.

TABLE II.-COMPARATIVE TESTS OF F8] Test System Humidity Natural weathering on PBS. roof at Teddington (Suburban site) Natural weathering at Hurst Castle (Coastal site) Llnseed/tung alkyd gallate (+Fe butoxlde). Linseed/tung alkyd gallate red iron oxide (+Fe butoxide).

Wash primer, butyral/ chromate. few days. Busting commenced Extensive rusting within 2% months.

Within 72 hours. Zinc rich epoxy poly- No effect in 21 days A few isolated rust spots developed within 2% amidh months. Slightly more rusting after further 1% months.

Very slight discoloration within 336 hours (14 days). parent after 500 hours (21 days).

No improvement over the unpi merited alkyd gallate.

Rapid elution of chromate within a rust after 2% months.

Some rusting apfurther 1% months.

of rust after 2%; months.

months.

Rapid appearance of water spots.

Slight rusting after a Rapid appearance of water spots.

No significant improvement over unpigmented gallate. A low small rust spots developed after a further 1% Rapid elution of chromato within a few days.

Slight trace of Rapid rusting within 1 month.

Total destruction within 2 months.

Slight trace Do.

Rapid breakdown of film.

About 75% of surface rusted within 2 months.

A few isolated rust spots developed within 2 months.

NOTE.Rainfall during 2% and 3%-rnonths exposure was about 6 and 9", respectively.

FLEX COATING (IRON BUIOXIDE) TABLE Ill-EVALUATION OF Fe o PIggRENTED/Fe/GALLATE MODIFIED LINSEED/TUNG PHT HALIC/GLYCEROL ALKYD Test Films first aged at 25 C. for 7 days 10% F820: Fezos F820:

Roughened surface due to very fine microblistering, Good protection, one small rust but very good protection. Very slight rusting; spot. good adhesion. Natural weathering (1?.R.S. roof)..- Slight rusting after 4% months its opposite 20% of surface covered with rust after 4% months.

Water:

Cold (3 days) No efl'Pct No eflect No effect. Boiling (1 hour) As above Microblistering" Slight microblistering. N O

Cold 1% (4 hours) Boiling 0.2% hour). Salt spray (5 days) Result as opposite. Result as opposite. .do Do. ..do Do.

TABLE IV.EVALUATION OF Fe/GALLATE MODiFIED CASTOR OIL COMPLEX COATING Test Film aged at 25" o. for 7 days Stoved (140 C./1 hour) (no prior aging) Appearance Humidity (1,000 hours) Accelerated weathering (1,000 hours) Natural Weathering on P.R.S. roof Water:

Cold (3 days) Boiling (1 hour) NaOH.

Cold 1% (4 hours) Boiling 0.2% hour) 2% N11 atmosphere (2 days) Salt spray (1 week).

blisters.

traces of microblistering.

small rust patches noted.

the film area.

Blue-black, glossy and tack free Very good protection, only traces of corrosion under micro- Very good protection, a few small rust spots noted and After 3 months, very slight rusting. After 4% months,

After 2 hours the film was changing color and softening with reduction in adhesion. N o rusting. After 4 hours the film was soft and easily removed.

Slight softening and loss of adhesion over a small part of Microblistering and softening, recovery good As for u nstovcd but harder.

The coating performance in both tests was notably improved.

No tests carried out.

No effect.

After 2 hours small amount of blistering. After 3 hours film softened around blisters and was easily removed (20% of area) but no rusting beneath blisters.

No effect.

Relatively less affected than unstoved."

TABLE V Test Dehydrated castor epoxy gallate Appearance Accelerated Weathering (1,000

ours). Humidity cabinet (1,000 hours) Natural Weathering on P. R.S.

roof.

ater:

Cold (3 days) Boiling (1 hour).

NaOH:

Cold 1% (4 hours) Boiling 0.2% hour) t spray S al No effect. Extensive microblistering and dissolution of film.

No effect.

Microblistering.

Slight mieroblistering in 7 days rapidly followed by breakdown of film in 12 35 days.

Very appreciable corrosion, large rust spots over 30% of area.

13 percent of iron butoxide based on the weight of the resin component.

2. Actively antioxidant primer compositions for application to rust-free mild steel comprising a 20-30 percent by weight solution in a glycol ether solution selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and substantially equal volume mixtures of said ether and high boiling naphtha of a polyhydric phenolmodified vegetable oil-based resin selected from the group consisting of (l) a gallate-modified linseed/tung/phthalic glycerol alkyd, (2) gallate-modified castor oil, (3) a gallate-modified dehydrated castor bisphenol epichlorohydrin epoxy, (4) gallate-modified polyethylene sebacate, (5) pyrogallol-modified linseed oil, (6) a gallate-modi fied linseed/tung phthalic glycerol polyamide, and (7) gallate-modified decamethylene phthalate, and for improving the cure of films thereof applied to a surface of said TABLE VI Test Polyethylene sebacate gallate Linseed/Pyrogallol Appearance Accelerated weathering (1,000 hours) Humidity cabinet (1,000 hours) Natural weathering P.R.S. roof.

A brown started within 500 hours. Brown colored film produced. Rusting started within 500 hours. 10% rusted after 1,000 hours.

A rather soft black film.

colored film was quickly produced. Busting 10% rusted after 1,000 hours.

Water:

Yellowish brown colored coating produced and a few rust spots after 5 months.

Cold (3 days) Film softened Film softened. Boiling (1 hour) Slight dissolution and softening of film No effect. NaOH:

Cold 1% (4 hours) Rapid dissolution of film Film greatly softened; detached in parts. Boiling 0.2% hour) Loss of gloss.

o Salt spray Disintegration in 5 da Very rapid breakdown of filrn in 2% days.

We claim:

1. A process for improving the in situ formation per se of a diffusible, film-curing iron complex that results from the chemical reaction of a rust-free mild steel surface with a glycol ether solution selected from the group consisting of (a) ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and (b) substantially equal volume mixtures of said ether with high boiling naphtha said solution having dissolved therein as the iron complex-forming and film-forming component and constituting about -30 percent of the total weight of said solution a polyhydric phenol modified vegetable oil-based resin selected from the group consisting of (1) a gallate modified linseed/tung/phthalic glycerol alkyd, (2) gallate modified castor oil, (3) a gallate modified dehydrated castor bisphenol epichlorohydrin epoxy, (4) gallate modified polyethylene sebacate, (5) pyrogallol modified linseed oil, (6) a gallate-modified linseed/tung/ phthalic glycerol polyamide, and (7) gallate modified decamethylene phthalate, said process comprising adding to a said glycol ether solution prior to applying the solution to said surface at least 1 percent to not more than mild steel, from 1 percent to not more than 13 percent of iron butoxide based on the weight of the resin component.

3. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the resin is a gallate-modified linseed/tong phthalic glycerol alkyd, the iron butoxide concentration is 3 percent based on the alkyd, and wherein the glycol ether solution is an equal volume mixture of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and high boiling naphtha.

4. A freshly abraded mild steel panel coated with the composition of claim 3.

5. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the resin is gallate-modified castor oil whose concentration in the glycol ether is 30 percent and wherein the concentration of iron butoxide based on the weight of the gallate-modified castor oil is 3 percent, said glycol ether being ethylene glycol monoethyl ether.

6. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the resin is gallate modified dehydrated castor bisphenol epichlorohydrin epoxy, the iron butoxide is present at the level of 1 percent based on the weight of the resin, and

the glycol ether solution is a substantially equal volume mixture of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and high boiling naphtha, the concentration of said resin in said solution being 20 percent by weight thereof.

7. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the glycol ether solution is ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and wherein the resin dissolved therein is gallate-modified polyethylene sebacate in a concentration of 30 percent, and wherein the iron butoxide is present at the level of 1 percent based on the Weight of the resin.

8. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the glycol ether solution is ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and wherein the resin dissolved therein is pyrogallol modified linseed oil in a concentration of 30 percent, and wherein the iron butoxide is present at the level of 13 present based on the weight of the resin.

9. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the resin is gallate-rnodified linseed/tong phthalic glycerol 10 polyamide, the iron butoxide is present at the level of 1 percent based on the weight of the resin, and the glycol ether solution is a mixture of equal volumes of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and high boiling naphtha.

10. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the resin is gallate-modified decamethylene phthalate, and the iron butoxide is present at the level of 1 percent based on the weight of the resin.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,424,730 7/1947 Balassa 10614 2,544,391 3/1951 Marliug 10614 2,844,559 7/1958 Parker 10614 ALEXANDER H. BRODMERKEL, Primary Examiner.

L. HAYES, Assistant Examiner. 

1. A PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE IN SITU FORMATION PER SE OF A DIFFUSIBLE, FILM-CURING IRON COMPLEX THAT RESULTS FROM THE CHEMICAL REACTION OF A RUST-FREE MILD STEEL SURFACE WITH A GLYCOL ETHER SOLUTION SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF (A) ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER AND (B) SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL VOLUME MIXTURES OF SAID ETHER WITH HIGH BOILING NAPHTHA SAID SOLUTION HAVING DISSOLVED THEREIN AS THE IRON COMPLEX-FORMING AND FILM-FORMING COMPRONENT AND CONSTITUTING ABOUT 20-30 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF SAID SOLUTION A POLYHYDRIC PHENOL MODIFIED VEGETABLE OIL-BASED RESIN SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF (1) A GALIATE MODIFIED LINSEED/TUNG/PHTHALIC GLYCEROL ALKYD, (2) GALLATE MODIFIED CASTOR OIL, (3) A GALLATE MODIFIED DEHYDRATED CASTOR BISPHENOL EPICHLOROHYDRIN EPOXY, (4) GALLATE MODIFIED POLYETHYLENE SEBACATE, (5) PYROGALLOL MODIFIED LINSEED OIL, (6) A GALLATE-MODIFIED LINSEED/TUNG/ PHTHALIC GLYCEROL POLYAMIDE, AND (7) GALLATE MODIFIED DECAMETHYLENE PHTHALATE, SAID PROCESS COMPRISING ADDING TO A SAID GLYCOL ETHER SOLUTION PRIOR TO APPLYING THE SOLUTION TO SAID SURFACE AT LEAST 1 PERCENT TO NOT MORE THAN 13 PERCENT OF IRON BUTOXIDE BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF THE RESIN COMPONENT. 